In addition to the homogeneous phantoms in simple geometry, it is also possible to produce the phantom material in almost any geometry and layering. Inclusions or functional structures such as flow-through capillaries can also be created. Existing objects can be used to create the mould, or a positive can first be printed from existing 3D data using a 3D printer (SLA, FDM), for example. For body parts, for example, an impression can also be taken first with skin-friendly alginate, for example, and the positive mould can then be created from this. A silicone mould is then created from the positive. The silicone or epoxy resin phantom can then be poured into this mould using a specially developed coating

coating ensures easy separation of the mould from the phantom and a detailed impression. For inclusions, the phantom can be built up from several materials. In this case, the already cured inclusion in the final mould is encased in the matrix material. In principle, it is also possible to produce 3D models from monolithic phantom material with adjustable optical properties (developed in-house by ILM) directly with an SLA printer. These models can also be combined with the other materials. By combining solid and liquid phantoms (in layer geometry or as a perfusion model), temporally variable phantoms can be realised.